Particle model for skyrmions in metallic chiral magnets: dynamics, pinning and creep

TL;DR

This paper develops a particle-level model for skyrmion dynamics in chiral magnets, capturing interactions, pinning, and creep, and validates it against experiments and continuum simulations, advancing understanding of skyrmion behavior in spintronics.

Contribution

The paper introduces a microscopic particle model for skyrmion dynamics, including interactions and pinning effects, which was not previously available.

Findings

Derived equations of motion from a microscopic model.

Validated the model through depinning transition studies.

Predicted quantum and thermal creep motions of skyrmions.

Abstract

Recently spin textures called skyrmions have been discovered in certain chiral magnetic materials without spatial inversion symmetry, and have attracted enormous attention due to their promising application in spintronics since only a low applied current is necessary to drive their motion. When a conduction electron moves around the skyrmion, its spin is fully polarized by the spin texture and acquires a quantized phase; thus, the skyrmion yields an emergent electrodynamics that in turn determines skyrmion motion and gives rise to a finite Hall angle. While Skyrmions behave as particles, no particle level description of their dynamics exists to date. Such a model would have tremendous impact on understanding skyrmion dynamics by theoretical analysis and computational modeling. Here we derive the equation of motion from a microscopic continuum model and obtain the short-range interaction between skyrmions, and the interaction between skyrmions and defects. Skyrmions also experience a Magnus force perpendicular to their velocity due to the underlying emergent electromagnetic field. We validate the equation of motion by studying the depinning transition using both the particle and the continuum models. By using the particle description, we explain the recent experimental observations of the rotation of a skyrmion lattice in the presence of a temperature gradient. We also predict quantum and thermal creep motion of skyrmions in the pinning potential.