Negative Entropy and Black Hole Information

TL;DR

This paper proposes a novel interpretation of black hole radiation using negative entropy in entanglement, equating single-system and two-system quantum measurement protocols, and suggesting black holes act as quantum memories filled with negative information.

Contribution

It introduces a new framework linking quantum measurement protocols with black hole evaporation, highlighting the role of negative entropy and quantum memory in black hole information.

Findings

Black hole evaporation can be modeled as a quantum measurement process.

Black hole entropy relates to the number of measurement choices.

Black hole radiation aligns with ordinary quantum theory principles.

Abstract

Based on negative entropy in entanglement, it is shown that a single-system Copenhagen measurement protocol is equivalent to the two-system von Neumann scheme with the memory filling up the system with negative information similar to the Dirac sea of negative energy. After equating the two quantum measurement protocols, we then apply this equivalence to the black hole radiation. That is, the black hole evaporation corresponds to the quantum measurement process and the two evaporation approaches, the observable-based single-system and the two-system entanglement-based protocols, can be made equivalent using quantum memory. In particular, the measurement choice, \theta, with the memory state inside the horizon in the entanglement-based scheme is shown to correspond to the observable of the measurement choice, \theta, outside the horizon in the single-system protocol, that is, O_{\theta}^{out} = Q_{\theta}^{in}. This indicates that the black hole as quantum memory is filling up with negative information outside the horizon, and its entropy corresponds to the logarithm of a number of equally probable measurement choices. This shows that the black hole radiation is no different than ordinary quantum theory.