A Self-consistent Model of the Black Hole Evaporation

TL;DR

This paper develops a self-consistent model of black hole evolution that incorporates Hawking radiation back reaction, revealing different outcomes for null shell collapse and continuous null matter collapse, including complete evaporation and stationary solutions.

Contribution

It introduces a novel self-consistent framework for black hole evaporation that accounts for back reaction effects during formation and evaporation processes.

Findings

Black hole evaporation can halt, leading to horizon and singularity formation.

Continuous null matter collapse results in complete evaporation without large horizons.

A stationary solution in a heat bath resembles a thermodynamic object.

Abstract

We construct a self-consistent model which describes a black hole from formation to evaporation including the back reaction from the Hawking radiation. In the case where a null shell collapses, at the beginning the evaporation occurs, but it stops eventually, and a horizon and singularity appear. On the other hand, in the generic collapse process of a continuously distributed null matter, the black hole evaporates completely without forming a macroscopically large horizon nor singularity. We also find a stationary solution in the heat bath, which can be regarded as a normal thermodynamic object.