TL;DR
This paper discovers universal relations among the moment of inertia, Love number, and quadrupole moment of neutron and quark stars, enabling insights into their structure and tests of gravity independent of nuclear physics.
Contribution
It introduces universal relations linking key stellar properties that are independent of internal composition, aiding astrophysical measurements and tests of gravity.
Findings
Universal relations are independent of internal star structure.
Relations can improve gravitational wave data analysis.
Potential to test gravity theories without nuclear physics uncertainties.
Abstract
Neutron stars and quark stars are not only characterized by their mass and radius, but also by how fast they spin, through their moment of inertia, and how much they can be deformed, through their Love number and quadrupole moment. These depend sensitively on the star's internal structure, and thus on unknown nuclear physics. We find universal relations between the moment of inertia, the Love number and the quadrupole moment that are independent of the neutron star's and quark star's internal structure. These can be used to learn about the deformability of these compact objects through observations of the moment of inertia, break degeneracies in gravitational wave detection to measure spin in binary inspirals and test General Relativity in a nuclear-structure independent fashion.
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