Phantom evolving wormholes with big rip singularities

TL;DR

This paper constructs models of evolving wormholes filled with phantom energy that culminate in a big rip singularity, extending previous work by incorporating isotropic, homogeneous components with specific equations of state.

Contribution

It introduces new phantom evolving wormhole solutions with isotropic fluids ending in big rip singularities, expanding the understanding of wormhole dynamics with supernegative equations of state.

Findings

Models end in big rip singularities for certain parameters.

Phantom energy can be isotropic and homogeneous in wormhole configurations.

Singularity occurrence depends on the equation of state parameter -1

Abstract

We investigate a family of inhomogeneous and anisotropic gravitational fields exhibiting a future singularity at a finite value of the proper time. The studied spherically symmetric spacetimes are asymptotically Friedmann-Robertson-Walker at spatial infinity and describe wormhole configurations filled with two matter components: one inhomogeneous and anisotropic fluid and another isotropic and homogeneously distributed fluid, characterized by the supernegative equation of state \omega=p/\rho < -1. In previously constructed wormholes, the notion of the phantom energy was used in a more extended sense than in cosmology, where the phantom energy is considered a homogeneously distributed fluid. Specifically, for some static wormhole geometries the phantom matter was considered as an inhomogeneous and anisotropic fluid, with radial and lateral pressures satisfying the relations $p_{r}/\rho<-1$ and $p_{_l} \neq p_r$, respectively. In this paper we construct phantom evolving wormhole models filled with an isotropic and homogeneous component, described by a barotropic or viscous phantom energy, and ending in a big rip singularity. In two of considered cases the equation of state parameter is constrained to be less than -1, while in the third model the finite-time future singularity may occur for $\omega<-1$, as well as for $-1 < \omega \leq 1$.