The Physics probed by the P_T Dependence of the Nuclear Suppression Factor

TL;DR

This paper investigates how the nuclear suppression factor R_AA's dependence on transverse momentum (P_T) reveals insights into jet quenching and parton-medium interactions in heavy-ion collisions, especially contrasting RHIC and LHC observations.

Contribution

It identifies the key physical effects—QCD scale evolution and medium length constraints—that influence the P_T dependence of R_AA in heavy-ion collisions.

Findings

Weak P_T dependence of R_AA at RHIC

Strong, non-trivial P_T dependence at LHC

QCD evolution and medium length effects are primary factors

Abstract

The nuclear suppression factor R_AA of single inclusive hadrons measured in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions was the first observable to study jet quenching, i.e. the final state interaction of hard parton showers with the surrounding bulk matter. While its transverse momentum (P_T) dependence of R_AA observed at RHIC was weak and hence never decisive in constraining models, there is now a strong and non-trivial P_T dependence observed at the LHC. This has been a challenge for several models which worked well at RHIC kinematics. However, in more general terms it is also of importance to understand what physical properties of the hard process and the parton-medium interaction are reflected in R_AA(P_T). The results of the work presented here suggest that the two main effects underlying the P_T dependence are the Quantum-Chromodynamics scale evolution of the fragmentation function and the limited distance (set by the typical medium length scale) for which a shower evolves in the medium.