Sculpting the disk around T Cha: an interferometric view

TL;DR

This study combines interferometric data and radiative transfer modeling to characterize the structure of the transition disk around T Cha, revealing a narrow inner disk, an outer disk starting at 12 AU, and complex scattering effects.

Contribution

The paper provides a detailed interferometric analysis of T Cha's disk, highlighting the impact of dust scattering on observations and constraining the disk's geometry and potential planet-induced gaps.

Findings

Inner disk is narrow, 0.07-0.11 AU, with dust near sublimation temperature.

Outer disk begins at about 12 AU and shows asymmetries likely due to dust scattering.

Disk asymmetries complicate the detection of potential companions within the gap.

Abstract

(Abridged) Circumstellar disks are believed to be the birthplace of planets and are expected to dissipate on a timescale of a few Myr. The processes responsible for the removal of the dust and gas will strongly modify the radial distribution of the dust and consequently the SED. In particular, a young planet will open a gap, resulting in an inner disk dominating the near-IR emission and an outer disk emitting mostly in the far-IR. We analyze a full set of data (including VLTI/Pionier, VLTI/Midi, and VLT/NaCo/Sam) to constrain the structure of the transition disk around TCha. We used the Mcfost radiative transfer code to simultaneously model the SED and the interferometric observations. We find that the dust responsible for the emission in excess in the near-IR must have a narrow temperature distribution with a maximum close to the silicate sublimation temperature. This translates into a narrow inner dusty disk (0.07-0.11 AU). We find that the outer disk starts at about 12 AU and is partially resolved by the Pionier, Sam, and Midi instruments. We show that the Sam closure phases, interpreted as the signature of a candidate companion, may actually trace the asymmetry generated by forward scattering by dust grains in the upper layers of the outer disk. These observations help constrain the inclination and position angle of the outer disk. The presence of matter inside the gap is difficult to assess with present-day observations. Our model suggests the outer disk contaminates the interferometric signature of any potential companion that could be responsible for the gap opening, and such a companion still has to be unambiguously detected. We stress the difficulty to observe point sources in bright massive disks, and the consequent need to account for disk asymmetries (e.g. anisotropic scattering) in model-dependent search for companions.