Operational geometric phase for mixed quantum states

TL;DR

This paper introduces an operational geometric phase for mixed quantum states, generalizing existing definitions, applicable to various evolutions, and providing explicit formulas suitable for quantum physics computations.

Contribution

It presents a new operational definition of geometric phase for mixed states, including higher order phases, with explicit formulas for practical computation.

Findings

Generalizes standard geometric phase for mixed states

Introduces higher order geometric phases with existence conditions

Provides explicit, easily implementable formulas for quantum physics

Abstract

Geometric phase has found a broad spectrum of applications in both classical and quantum physics, such as condensed matter and quantum computation. In this paper we introduce an operational geometric phase for mixed quantum states, based on spectral weighted traces of holonomies, and we prove that it generalizes the standard definition of geometric phase for mixed states, which is based on quantum interferometry. We also introduce higher order geometric phases, and prove that under a fairly weak, generically satisfied, requirement, there is always a well-defined geometric phase of some order. Our approach applies to general unitary evolutions of both nondegenerate and degenerate mixed states. Moreover, since we provide an explicit formula for the geometric phase that can be easily implemented, it is particularly well suited for computations in quantum physics.