A Universe with a generalized ghost dark energy and Van der Waals fluid interacting with a fluid

TL;DR

This paper models the universe using a combination of generalized ghost dark energy, Van der Waals fluid, and a modified fluid, exploring their interactions, stability, and thermodynamic laws through graphical analysis.

Contribution

It introduces a novel interacting model of the universe with generalized ghost dark energy and Van der Waals fluid, analyzing its dynamics and thermodynamic stability.

Findings

The model satisfies the generalized second law of thermodynamics.

Graphical analysis shows stable evolution under certain parameters.

Interaction term influences the universe's late-time behavior.

Abstract

In this paper, we consider an unusual connection between different fluids. Having established a research goal we would like to consider a toy model of the Universe and investigate its behavior, especially for later time evolution for well known facts. The main goal of the article is to consider a toy model of the Universe with generalized ghost dark energy, Van der Waals gas and a phenomenologically modified fluid. The origin of the last component can be understood as a result of interaction between some original fluid and some source of energy or matter in Universe. By unusual connection we mean an assumption that generalized ghost dark energy has its contribution to the model by an interaction term $Q$ and we suppose an interaction of the form $Q=3Hb(\rho_{\small{tot}}-\rho_{GDe})$. Graphical analysis is performed and the questions of validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics and stability of the model also approached in this paper.