$0\nu\beta\beta$ and $2\nu\beta\beta$ nuclear matrix elements, QRPA, and isospin symmetry restoration

TL;DR

This paper improves QRPA calculations for neutrinoless and two-neutrino double beta decay by restoring isospin symmetry, leading to more accurate nuclear matrix elements and reducing uncertainties in decay rate predictions.

Contribution

It introduces a method to partially restore isospin symmetry in QRPA by separating the renormalization parameter into isovector and isoscalar parts, eliminating the need for additional parameters.

Findings

The $2 uetaeta$ Fermi matrix element $M^{2 u}_F$ vanishes as expected.

The $0 uetaeta$ Fermi matrix element $M^{0 u}_F$ is substantially reduced.

The full $0 uetaeta$ matrix element $M^{0 u}$ decreases by approximately 10%.

Abstract

Within QRPA we achieve partial restoration of the isospin symmetry and hence fulfillment of the requirement that the $2\nu\beta\beta$ Fermi matrix element $M^{2\nu}_F$ vanishes, as it should, unlike in the previous version of the method. This is accomplished by separating the renormalization parameter $g_{pp}$ of the particle-particle proton-neutron interaction into the isovector and isoscalar parts. The isovector parameter $g_{pp}^{T=1}$ need to be chosen to be essentially equal to the pairing constant $g_{pair}$, so no new parameter is needed. For the $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay the Fermi matrix element $M^{0\nu}_F$ is substantially reduced, while the full matrix element $M^{0\nu}$ is reduced by $\approx$ 10%. We argue that this more consistent approach should be used from now on in the proton-neutron QRPA and in analogous methods.