Isotropic inelastic and superelastic collisional rates in a multiterm atom

TL;DR

This paper develops a formal framework for isotropic inelastic and superelastic collisional rates in a multiterm atom, crucial for accurate modeling of spectral line polarization in magnetized astrophysical plasmas.

Contribution

It introduces expressions relating collisional rates for interference between J-levels to those for populations, filling a gap in the treatment of collisional effects in multiterm atoms.

Findings

Collisional rates influence scattering polarization significantly.

The derived formulas relate interference and population collisional rates.

Application to a two-term atom shows impact on polarization modeling.

Abstract

The spectral line polarization of the radiation emerging from a magnetized astrophysical plasma depends on the state of the atoms within the medium, whose determination requires considering the interactions between the atoms and the magnetic field, between the atoms and photons (radiative transitions), and between the atoms and other material particles (collisional transitions). In applications within the framework of the multiterm model atom (which accounts for quantum interference between magnetic sublevels pertaining either to the same J-level or to different J-levels within the same term) collisional processes are generally neglected when solving the master equation for the atomic density matrix. This is partly due to the lack of experimental data and/or of approximate theoretical expressions for calculating the collisional transfer and relaxation rates (in particular the rates for interference between sublevels pertaining to different J-levels, and the depolarizing rates due to elastic collisions). In this paper we formally define and investigate the transfer and relaxation rates due to isotropic inelastic and superelastic collisions that enter the statistical equilibrium equations of a multiterm atom. Under the hypothesis that the atom-collider interaction can be described by a dipolar operator, we provide expressions that relate the collisional rates for interference between different J-levels to the usual collisional rates for J-level populations. Finally, we apply the general equations to the case of a two-term atom with unpolarized lower term, illustrating the impact of inelastic and superelastic collisions on scattering polarization through radiative transfer calculations in a slab of stellar atmospheric plasma anisotropically illuminated by the photospheric radiation field.