Nonlinear Correction to the Euler Buckling Formula for Compressed Cylinders with Guided-Guided End Conditions

TL;DR

This paper derives a nonlinear correction to Euler's buckling formula for cylindrical columns, accounting for higher-order elasticity effects and finite slenderness ratios, which refines the classical linear approximation.

Contribution

It introduces a first nonlinear correction to Euler's buckling formula by incorporating third-order elasticity and finite slenderness effects.

Findings

Nonlinear correction involves second- and third-order elastic constants.

The correction term depends on Poisson's ratio.

The refined formula improves accuracy for thicker cylinders.

Abstract

Euler's celebrated buckling formula gives the critical load $N$ for the buckling of a slender cylindrical column with radius $B$ and length $L$ as \[ N / (\pi^3 B^2) = (E/4)(B/L)^2, \] where $E$ is Young's modulus. Its derivation relies on the assumptions that linear elasticity applies to this problem, and that the slenderness $(B/L)$ is an infinitesimal quantity. Here we ask the following question: What is the first nonlinear correction in the right hand-side of this equation when terms up to $(B/L)^4$ are kept? To answer this question, we specialize the exact solution of incremental non-linear elasticity for the homogeneous compression of a thick compressible cylinder with lubricated ends to the theory of third-order elasticity. In particular, we highlight the way second- and third-order constants ---including Poisson's ratio--- all appear in the coefficient of $(B/L)^4$.