Excluding Pairs of Graphs

TL;DR

This paper investigates conditions under which graphs avoiding certain induced subgraphs can be partitioned into parts with specific forbidden structures, providing new partition existence results and constructions demonstrating limitations.

Contribution

It introduces novel partition results for graphs excluding pairs of subgraphs and offers a construction showing the limits of such partitions.

Findings

Existence of a uniform partition for certain $ ext{H,J}$-free graphs.

Short proof of a known result using the new approach.

Construction showing non-existence of partitions under specific conditions.

Abstract

For a graph $G$ and a set of graphs $\mathcal{H}$, we say that $G$ is {\em $\mathcal{H}$-free} if no induced subgraph of $G$ is isomorphic to a member of $\mathcal{H}$. Given an integer $P>0$, a graph $G$, and a set of graphs $\mathcal{F}$, we say that $G$ {\em admits an $(\mathcal{F},P)$-partition} if the vertex set of $G$ can be partitioned into $P$ subsets $X_1,..., X_P$, so that for every $i \in \{1,..., P\}$, either $|X_i|=1$, or the subgraph of $G$ induced by $X_i$ is $\{F\}$-free for some $F \in \mathcal{F}$. Our first result is the following. For every pair $(H,J)$ of graphs such that $H$ is the disjoint union of two graphs $H_1$ and $H_2$, and the complement $J^c$ of $J$ is the disjoint union of two graphs $J_1^c$ and $J_2^c$, there exists an integer $P>0$ such that every $\{H,J\}$-free graph has an $(\{H_1,H_2,J_1,J_2\},P)$-partition. Using a similar idea we also give a short proof of one of the results of \cite{heroes}. Our final result is a construction showing that if $\{H,J\}$ are graphs each with at least one edge, then for every pair of integers $r,k$ there exists a graph $G$ such that every $r$-vertex induced subgraph of $G$ is $\{H,J\}$-split, but $G$ does not admits an $(\{H,J\},k)$-partition.