Tangential force, Frictional Torque and Heating Rate of a Small Neutral Rotating Particle Moving through the Equilibrium Background Radiation

TL;DR

This paper calculates the electromagnetic forces, heat flux, and torque on a small rotating particle moving at relativistic speeds through background radiation, considering different temperatures in their respective frames.

Contribution

It introduces a novel calculation of electromagnetic interactions for a rotating particle moving relativistically through a photon gas with temperature differences.

Findings

Calculated tangential force, frictional torque, and heating rate for the particle.

First application of fluctuation-electromagnetic theory to this scenario.

Results depend on particle rotation, velocity, and temperature differences.

Abstract

For the first time, based on the fluctuation-electromagnetic theory, we have calculated the drug force, the radiation heat flux and the frictional torque on a small rotating particle moving at a relativistic velocity through the equilibrium background radiation (photon gas). The particle and background radiation are characterized by different temperatures corresponding to the local thermodynamic equilibrium in their own reference frames.