Hawking radiation and total entropy change as tunneling

TL;DR

This paper uses the Hamilton-Jacobi method to analyze Hawking radiation as a tunneling process, incorporating back-reactions and entropy changes, providing a clearer physical picture of black hole radiation.

Contribution

It introduces a Hamilton-Jacobi approach to Hawking radiation that accounts for back-reactions and entropy, applicable to various horizons without specific coordinate choices.

Findings

Emission probability matches null geodesic method

Black hole parameters increase due to particle absorption

Method applicable to all horizon types

Abstract

In the frame of Hamilton-Jacobi method, the back-reactions of the radiating particles together with the total entropy change of the whole system are investigated. The emission probability from this process is found to be equivalent to the null geodesic method. However its physical picture is more clear: the negative energy one of a virtual particle pair is absorbed by the black hole, resulting in the temperature, electric potential and angular velocity increase; then the black hole amount of heat, electric charge and angular momentum can spontaneously transfer to the positive energy particle; when obtaining enough energy, it can escape away to infinity, visible to distant observers. And this method can be applied to any sort of horizons and particles without a specific choice of (regular-across-the-horizon) coordinates.