Effects of stellar rotation on star formation rates and comparison to core-collapse supernova rates

TL;DR

This study examines how stellar rotation affects star formation rate calibrations, revealing that accounting for rotation reduces SFR estimates from UV and Halpha luminosities, and compares these estimates with supernova rates to constrain stellar physics.

Contribution

It introduces updated SFR calibrations considering stellar rotation and compares these with supernova observations to refine understanding of stellar evolution effects.

Findings

Rotating stellar models reduce UV to SFR calibration by 30%.

Rotating models decrease Halpha to SFR calibration by 40%.

Supernova rates suggest SFR estimates are consistent with non-rotating models.

Abstract

We investigate star formation rate (SFR) calibrations in light of recent developments in the modeling of stellar rotation. Using new published non-rotating and rotating stellar tracks, we study the integrated properties of synthetic stellar populations and find that the UV to SFR calibration for the rotating stellar population is 30% smaller than for the non-rotating stellar population, and 40% smaller for the Halpha to SFR calibration. These reductions translate to smaller SFR estimates made from observed UV and Halpha luminosities. Using the UV and Halpha fluxes of a sample of ~300 local galaxies, we derive a total (i.e., sky-coverage corrected) SFR within 11 Mpc of 120-170 Msun/yr and 80-130 Msun/yr for the non-rotating and rotating estimators, respectively. Independently, the number of core-collapse supernovae discovered in the same volume requires a total SFR of 270^{+110}_{-80} Msun/yr, suggesting a mild tension with the SFR estimates made with rotating calibrations. More generally, when compared with the estimated SFR, the local supernova discoveries strongly constrain any physical effects that might increase the energy output of massive stars, including, but not limited to, stellar rotation. The cosmic SFR and cosmic supernova rate data on the other hand show the opposite trend, with the cosmic SFR almost double that inferred from cosmic supernovae, constraining a significant decrease in the energy output of massive stars. Together, these lines of evidence suggest that the true SFR calibration factors cannot be too far from their canonical values.