Red Giant evolution and specific problems

TL;DR

This paper reviews how uncertainties in physical processes like convection and mixing affect the evolution models of red giant stars, highlighting areas needing empirical calibration.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive review of the impact of physical process uncertainties on red giant evolution, emphasizing the need for empirical calibration.

Findings

Uncertainties in convection efficiency influence red giant evolution models.

Interior mixing processes significantly affect stellar evolution predictions.

Empirical calibration is crucial for improving stellar evolution models.

Abstract

In spite of the great effort made in the last decades to improve our understanding of stellar evolution, significant uncertainties still remain due to our poor knowledge of some complex physical processes that still require an empirical calibration, such as the efficiency of convective heat transport and interior mixing. Here we will review the impact of these uncertainties on the evolution of red giant stars.