Momentum Cogging at the Fermilab Booster

TL;DR

This paper discusses the development of a momentum cogging system at Fermilab's Booster to improve synchronization and reduce beam loss during high-intensity proton acceleration, supporting the Proton Improvement Plan.

Contribution

It introduces a novel momentum cogging method that uses dipole correctors and feedback to enhance beam control and efficiency.

Findings

Momentum cogging reduces beam loss.

It enables earlier gap creation.

Improves energy efficiency and aperture use.

Abstract

The Fermilab booster has an intensity upgrade plan called the Proton Improvement plan (PIP). The flux throughput goal is 2E17 protons/hour which is almost double the current operation at 1.1E17 protons/hour. The beam loss in the machine is going to be an issue. The booster accelerates beam from 400 MeV to 8GeV and extracts to The Main Injector (MI). Cogging is the process that synchronizes the extraction kicker gap to the MI by changing radial position of the beam during the cycle. The gap creation occurs at about 700MeV which is 6msec into the cycle. The variation of the revolution frequency from cycle to cycle is larger at lower energy and it is hard to control by changing the radial position because of aperture limitations. Momentum cogging is able to move the gap creation earlier by using dipole correctors and radial position feedback, and controlling the revolution frequency and radial position at the same time. The new cogging is going to save energy loss and aperture. The progress of the momentum cogging system development is going to be discussed in this paper.