Generalized Calabi correspondence and complete spacelike surfaces

TL;DR

This paper introduces a duality between certain mean curvature surfaces in Riemannian and Lorentzian 3-manifolds, generalizing the Calabi correspondence to include prescribed mean curvature and bundle curvature.

Contribution

It extends the Calabi correspondence to a broader class of surfaces with prescribed mean curvature in Riemannian and Lorentzian Killing submersions, enabling new geometric transformations.

Findings

Established a twin correspondence between prescribed mean curvature graphs in Riemannian and Lorentzian settings.

Extended the classical Calabi correspondence to include arbitrary prescribed mean curvature and bundle curvature.

Applied the duality to analyze the moduli space of complete spacelike surfaces in Lorentzian spacetimes.

Abstract

We construct a twin correspondence between graphs with prescribed mean curvature in three-dimensional Riemannian Killing submersions and spacelike graphs with prescribed mean curvature in three-dimensional Lorentzian Killing submersions. Our duality extends the Calabi correspondence between minimal graphs in the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^3$ and maximal graphs in the Lorentz-Minkowski spacetime $\mathbb{L}^3$, by allowing arbitrary prescribed mean curvature and bundle curvature. For instance, we transform the prescribed mean curvature equation in $\mathbb{L}^3$ into the minimal surface equation in the generalized Heisenberg space with prescribed bundle curvature. We present several applications of the twin correspondence to the study of the moduli space of complete spacelike surfaces in certain Lorentzian spacetimes.