On conditions of negativity of friction resistance for non-stationary modes of blood flow and possible mechanism of affecting of environmental factors on energy effectiveness of cardio-vascular system functioning

TL;DR

This paper explores how non-stationary blood flow can exhibit negative friction resistance due to molecular viscosity effects, potentially explaining the high energy efficiency of the cardiovascular system and its sensitivity to environmental factors.

Contribution

It introduces a novel non-equilibrium mechanism for negative friction resistance in pulsating blood flow, linking it to cardiovascular energy efficiency and environmental influences.

Findings

Negative friction resistance can occur in non-stationary blood flow.

This mechanism may explain the high energy efficiency of CVS.

Environmental factors can influence blood flow stability through hydro-dynamic mode shifts.

Abstract

It is shown that initiated by action of molecular viscosity impulse flow, directed usually from the moving fluid to limiting it solid surface, can, under certain conditions, turn to zero and get negative values in the case of non-stationary flow caused by alternating in time longitudinal (along the pipe axis) pressure gradient. It is noted that this non-equilibrium mechanism of negative friction resistance in the similar case of pulsating blood flow in the blood vessels, in addition to the stable to turbulent disturbances swirled blood flow structure providing, can also constitute hydro-mechanical basis of the observed but not explained yet paradoxically high energy effectiveness of the normal functioning of the cardio-vascular system (CVS). We consider respective mechanism of affecting on the stability of the normal work of CVS by environmental variable factors using shifting of hydro-dynamic mode with negative resistance realization range boundaries and variation of linear hydro-dynamic instability leading to the structurally stable swirled blood flow organization.