Segmented Vortex Telescope and its Tolerance to Diffraction Effects and Primary Aberrations

TL;DR

This paper introduces a segmented vortex telescope designed for direct exoplanet detection, analyzing its stability against diffraction and aberrations, and demonstrating its potential as a complementary observational mode in astronomy.

Contribution

The study presents the design and analysis of a segmented vortex telescope capable of producing stable vortex beams for exoplanet searches, considering aberration and diffraction effects.

Findings

System remains stable under low order aberrations

System sensitive to astigmatism and turbulence effects

Vortex stability depends on topological charge and aberration orientation

Abstract

We propose the segmented Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT/GTM),as the largest spatial light modulator capable of producing vortex beams of integer topological charge. This observing mode could be applied for direct exoplanet searches in the millimeter or submillimeter regimes. We studied the stability of the vortex structure against aberrations and diffraction effects inherent to the size and segmented nature of the collector mirror. In the presence of low order aberrations the focal distribution of the system remains stable. Our results show that these effects depend on the topological charge of the vortex and the relative orientation of the aberration with respect to the antenna axis. Coma and defocus show no large effects in the image at the focal plane, nevertheless the system is very sensitive to astigmatism. Heat turbulence, simulated by random aberrations, shows that the system behaves in a similar way as astigmatism dissociating the vortices. We propose the Segmented Vortex Telescope as a novel approach for the detection of giant planets outside circumstellar disks around nearby stars. Since our results are applicable to other facilities with segmented surfaces, we suggest that this idea should be considered as a regular observation mode complementary to interferometric methods.