Gravitational interaction of celestial bodies and black holes with particle dark matter

TL;DR

This paper explores how dark matter particles gravitationally interact with celestial bodies, causing density inhomogeneities and a velocity-dependent force that could influence supermassive black holes in galaxies.

Contribution

It introduces a novel effect where dark matter induces a velocity-dependent gravitational force on bodies, potentially observable in supermassive black holes.

Findings

Density contrast leads to a force proportional to mass squared.

The force depends on the body's velocity and can be anisotropic.

Average force over all directions is nonpositive.

Abstract

The particles of a dark matter due to gravitational interaction deviate from straight trajectories in the vicinity of a massive body. This causes their density to become inhomogeneous. The developed density contrast causes a gravitation attraction force acting upon the body proportional to its mass squared. Since this effect depends on the body's velocity, it causes a specific reference frame to stand out. The force is similar to an anisotropic drag, which can be negative in some directions. The mean drag force, averaged over all direction, is nonpositive. We can expect some observational manifestation of the considered effect for supermassive black holes in galaxies.