Galaxy pairs in the Sloan digital sky survey - VII: The merger -- luminous infra-red galaxy connection

TL;DR

This study investigates the link between galaxy mergers and luminous infrared galaxies using SDSS data, revealing that closer pairs and equal-mass high-mass galaxies are more likely to be LIRGs, with star formation rate enhancements playing a key role.

Contribution

It provides new insights into how galaxy pair separation, mass ratio, and star formation enhancement relate to LIRG occurrence, emphasizing the importance of SFR offset as a diagnostic.

Findings

LIRG fraction increases as galaxy pairs get closer, peaking at rp < 20 kpc.

Most LIRGs are in high-mass galaxies with near-equal mass companions.

Star formation rate enhancement correlates with LIRG classification, especially in high-mass galaxies.

Abstract

We use a sample of 9397 low z galaxies with a close companion to investigate the connection between mergers and luminous infra-red (IR) galaxies (LIRGs). The pairs are selected from the SDSS and have projected separations rp < 80 kpc, relative velocities dv < 300 km/s and stellar mass ratios within a factor 1:10. The IR luminosities (LIR) of galaxies in the pair and (mass, z and environment-matched) control samples are determined from the SDSS -- IRAS matched catalog of Hwang et al. (2010). We find a trend for increasing LIRG fraction towards smaller pair separations, peaking at a factor of ~ 5--10 above the median control fraction at the smallest separations (rp < 20 kpc), but remaining elevated by a factor ~ 2--3 even out to 80 kpc (the widest separations in our sample). We also find that LIRGs are most likely to be found in high mass galaxies which have an approximately equal mass companion. We confirm the results of previous studies that both the active galactic nucleus (AGN) fraction and merger fraction increase strongly as a function of IR luminosity. About 7% of LIRGs are associated with major mergers, as defined within the criteria and mass completion of our sample. Finally, we quantify a SFR offset (Delta SFR) as the enhancement (or decrement) relative to star-forming galaxies of the same mass and redshift. We demonstrate that there is a clear connection between the Delta SFR and the classification of a galaxy as a LIRG that is mass dependent. Most of the LIRGs in our merger sample are relatively high mass galaxies (log M* > 10.5), likely because the SFR enhancement required to produce LIRG luminosities is more modest than at low masses. The Delta SFR offers a redshift-independent metric for the identification of the galaxies with the most enhanced star forming rates that does not rely on fixed LIR boundaries.