Fermat Surface and Group Theory in Symmetry of Rapidity Family in Chiral Potts Model

TL;DR

This paper explores the algebraic geometry and group theory underlying the symmetry structures of the rapidity family in the chiral Potts model, revealing Fermat hypersurfaces and modular symmetries.

Contribution

It introduces a unified algebraic geometric framework for understanding the symmetry groups of rapidity curves in the chiral Potts model, generalizing to Fermat hypersurfaces.

Findings

Rapidity curves form Fermat hypersurfaces of degree 2N in projective space.

The symmetry group of the rapidity family is enlarged to include modular symmetries.

A thorough algebraic geometric analysis of the rapidity fibration and hyperelliptic structures.

Abstract

The present paper discusses various mathematical aspects about the rapidity symmetry in chiral Potts model (CPM) in the context of algebraic geometry and group theory . We re-analyze the symmetry group of a rapidity curve in $N$-state CPM, explore the universal group structure for all $N$, and further enlarge it to modular symmetries of the complete rapidity family in CPM. As will be shown in the article that all rapidity curves in $N$-state CPM constitute a Fermat hypersurface in $\PZ^3$ of degree 2N as the natural generalization of the Fermat K3 elliptic surface $(N=2)$, we conduct a thorough algebraic geometry study about the rapidity fibration of Fermat surface and its reduced hyperelliptic fibration via techniques in algebraic surface theory. Symmetries of rapidity family in CPM and hyperelliptic family in $\tau^{(2)}$-model are exhibited through the geometrical representation of the universal structural group in mathematics.