A sum rule for charged elementary particles

TL;DR

This paper proposes a sum rule linking the quantum vacuum properties to elementary particles, suggesting a universal sum over particles weighted by squared charges, independent of their masses, with an estimated sum around 100.

Contribution

It introduces a novel sum rule connecting vacuum quantum properties with elementary particle charges, independent of particle masses.

Findings

Estimated sum over particles is approximately 100.

Sum rule depends only on squared charges of particles.

Potential link between vacuum properties and particle charge distribution.

Abstract

There may be a link between the quantum properties of the vacuum and the parameters describing the properties of light propagation, culminating in a sum over all types of elementary particles existing in Nature weighted only by their squared charges and independent of their masses. The estimate for that sum is of the order of 100.