Highly-Efficient Thermoelectronic Conversion of Solar Energy and Heat into Electric Power

TL;DR

This paper proposes a method to significantly improve thermionic energy converters by controlling electron space charges, potentially enabling highly efficient conversion of heat from solar, chemical, or nuclear sources into electricity.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach to mitigate space-charge effects in thermionic converters, paving the way for more efficient heat-to-electricity energy conversion.

Findings

Space-charge effects can be mitigated by shaping the electric potential.

The proposed method transforms space-charge clouds into output current.

Potential for highly efficient heat-to-electric power conversion.

Abstract

Electric power may, in principle, be generated in a highly efficient manner from heat created by focused solar irradiation, chemical combustion, or nuclear decay by means of thermionic energy conversion. As the conversion efficiency of the thermionic process tends to be degraded by electron space charges, the efficiencies of thermionic generators have amounted to only a fraction of those fundamentally possible. We show that this space-charge problem can be resolved by shaping the electric potential distribution of the converter such that the static electron space-charge clouds are transformed into an output current. Although the technical development of practical generators will require further substantial efforts, we conclude that a highly efficient transformation of heat to electric power may well be achieved.