Delivery of time-varying stimuli using ChR2

TL;DR

This study evaluates the capacity of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) to deliver precise, time-varying stimuli to neurons along sensory-motor pathways, using a biophysical model and experimental validation to demonstrate its effectiveness within relevant frequency ranges.

Contribution

It provides a detailed amplitude response function of ChR2 and confirms its utility for delivering controlled, time-varying stimuli in neural circuits.

Findings

ChR2 supports a broad signal passband with a resonance.

Experimental validation confirms the predicted response function.

ChR2 can deliver repeatable stimuli over relevant frequency ranges.

Abstract

To understand sensory processing in neuronal populations, it is necessary to deliver stimuli to the sensory organs of animals and record evoked population activity downstream. However, the pathways from sensory input to synaptic currents in cells that are several synapses removed from sensory organs are complex. Intrinsic noise and uncontrolled modulatory input from other brain regions can interfere with the delivery of well-defined stimuli. Here we investigate the ability of channelrhodopsins to deliver precise time-varying currents to neurons at any point along the sensory-motor pathway. To do this, we first deduce the amplitude response function of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) using a three state Markov model of channel kinetics. With biophysically realistic parameters, this function supports a relatively broad signal passband and contains a resonance. We confirm the validity of our predicted amplitude response function using time-varying optical stimulation of excitatory neurons that express either wild type ChR2 or the ChR2(H134R) mutant. Together, our results indicate that ChR2-derived optogenetic tools are useful for delivering repeatable, time-varying currents to genetically-specified populations over a physiologically-relevant frequency band.