SU(3) lattice QCD study of the gluon propagator in maximally Abelian gauge: off-diagonal gluon mass generation and infrared Abelian dominance

TL;DR

This study uses SU(3) lattice QCD to analyze gluon propagators in the maximally Abelian gauge, revealing that off-diagonal gluons acquire a large effective mass and are short-ranged, supporting infrared Abelian dominance.

Contribution

It provides a detailed lattice QCD analysis of gluon propagators in the MA gauge, demonstrating off-diagonal gluon mass generation and their short-range behavior, which was not previously quantified.

Findings

Off-diagonal gluons have an effective mass of about 1.1-1.2 GeV.

Diagonal gluons behave as light vector bosons with mass around 0.3 GeV.

Off-diagonal gluon propagator fits a Yukawa-type function, indicating negative spectral regions.

Abstract

We investigate gluon propagators and the effective mass of the gluon fields in the MA gauge with U(1)$_3 \times$ U(1)$_8$ Landau gauge fixing in SU(3) lattice QCD. The Monte Carlo simulation is performed on $16^4$ at $\beta$=5.7, 5.8 and 6.0 and $32^4$ at $\beta=$5.8 and 6.0 at the quenched level. To calculate the propagators, we adopt a method to extract gauge fields from link-variables analytically in the SU(3) case. The off-diagonal gluons behave as massive vector bosons with the approximate effective mass $M_{\rm off} \simeq 1.1 - 1.2 {\rm GeV}$ in the region of $r = 0.3 - 0.8 {\rm fm}$, and the propagation is limited within a short range. On the other hand, the diagonal gluons behave as light vector bosons with $M_{\rm diag}\simeq 0.3 {\rm GeV} $ and the propagation of diagonal gluons remains even in a large range. In this way, infrared Abelian dominance is shown in terms of short-range propagation of off-diagonal gluons. Furthermore, we investigate the functional form of the off-diagonal gluon propagator. The functional form is well described by the four-dimensional Euclidean Yukawa-type function ${\rm exp}(-m_{\rm off} r)/r$ with $m_{\rm off} = 1.3 -1.4 {\rm GeV}$ for $r = 0.1- 0.8{\rm fm}$. This also indicates that the spectral function of off-diagonal gluons has the negative-value region.