Asymptotic behavior of a scalar field with an arbitrary potential trapped on a Randall-Sundrum's braneworld: the effect of a negative dark radiation term on a Bianchi I brane

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the asymptotic behavior of a scalar field with arbitrary potential on a Bianchi I brane in Randall-Sundrum models, highlighting effects of negative dark radiation on stability, re-collapse, and cyclic universe scenarios.

Contribution

It introduces a phase space analysis using the method of f-devisers for arbitrary potentials, revealing new dynamical features like bounce, turnaround, and cyclic behavior due to negative dark radiation.

Findings

Negative dark radiation can cause re-collapse of expanding models.

Existence of static saddle solutions allows transition between contraction and expansion.

Models exhibit bounce and cyclic behavior not present with positive dark radiation.

Abstract

In this work we present a phase space analysis of a quintessence field and a perfect fluid trapped in a Randall-Sundrum's Braneworld of type 2. We consider a homogeneous but anisotropic Bianchi I brane geometry. Moreover, we consider the effect of the projection of the five dimensional Weyl tensor onto the three-brane in the form of a negative Dark Radiation term. For the treatment of the potential we use the "Method of $f$-devisers" that allows investigating arbitrary potentials in a phase space. We present general conditions on the potential in order to obtain the stability of standard 4D and non-standard 5D de Sitter solutions, and we provide the stability conditions for both scalar field-matter scaling solutions, scalar field-dark radiation solutions and scalar field-dominated solutions. We find that the shear-dominated solutions are unstable (particularly, contracting shear-dominated solutions are of saddle type). As a main difference with our previous work, the traditionally ever-expanding models could potentially re-collapse due to the negativity of the dark radiation. Additionally, our system admits a large class of static solutions that are of saddle type. These kinds of solutions are important at intermediate stages in the evolution of the universe, since they allow the transition from contracting to expanding models and viceversa. New features of our scenario are the existence of a bounce and a turnaround, which lead to cyclic behavior, that are not allowed in Bianchi I branes with positive dark radiation term. Finally, as specific examples we consider the potentials $V\propto\sinh^{-\alpha}(\beta\phi)$ and $V\propto\left[\cosh\left(\xi\phi \right)-1\right]$ which have simple $f$-devisers.