Physical unitarity of a massive Yang-Mills theory without the Higgs field from a viewpoint of confinement

TL;DR

This paper investigates the unitarity of a massive Yang-Mills theory without the Higgs mechanism, using a new nonperturbative framework to analyze implications for confinement and low-energy QCD.

Contribution

It introduces a novel nonperturbative approach to study physical unitarity in a massive Yang-Mills theory without spontaneous symmetry breaking.

Findings

Reproduces unitarity violation transparently

Provides a perturbative treatment for unitarity analysis

Discusses potential unitarity restoration scenarios

Abstract

In this talk, we examine the physical unitarity in a massive Yang-Mills theory without the Higgs field in which the color gauge symmetry is not spontaneously broken and kept intact. For this purpose, we use a new framework proposed one of the authors based on a nonperturbative construction of a non-Abelian field describing a massive spin-one vector boson field, which enables us to perform the perturbative and nonperturbative studies on the physical unitarity. Moreover, we present a new perturbative treatment for the physical unitarity after giving the general properties of the massive Yang-Mills theory. Then we reproduce the violation of physical unitarity in a transparent way. This work is a preliminary work to the subsequent works in which we present a nonperturbative framework to propose a possible scenario of restoring the physical unitarity in the Curci-Ferrari model. We discuss the implications for the low-energy QCD in relation to color confinement, glueball mass and BRST-invariant dimension-two condensate.