Tidal Waves in $^{102}$Pd: A Rotating Condensate of Multiple $d$ bosons

TL;DR

This paper investigates the collective excitations in $^{102}$Pd, proposing they can be modeled as a rotating condensate of $d$ bosons, supported by lifetime measurements and transition probabilities.

Contribution

It introduces a semi-classical model of tidal waves as a rotating condensate of $d$ bosons in $^{102}$Pd, supported by experimental lifetime and transition probability data.

Findings

$B(E2)$ values increase monotonically with spin

Experimental data supports the rotating condensate model

Lifetimes measured via Doppler Shift Attenuation Method

Abstract

Low-lying collective excitations in even-even vibrational and transitional nuclei may be described semi-classically as quadrupole running waves on the surface of the nucleus ("tidal waves"), and the observed vibrational-rotational behavior can be thought of as resulting from a rotating condensate of interacting $d$ bosons. These concepts have been investigated by measuring lifetimes of the levels in the yrast band of the $^{102}$Pd nucleus with the Doppler Shift Attenuation Method. The extracted $B(E2)$ reduced transition probabilities for the yrast band display a monotonic increase with spin, in agreement with the interpretation based on rotation-induced condensation of aligned $d$ bosons.