X-ray emission from the Ultramassive Black Hole candidate NGC1277: implications and speculation on its origin

TL;DR

This study investigates the X-ray emission from NGC1277, a galaxy with a candidate ultramassive black hole, revealing that the black hole's accretion is highly inefficient and not currently growing, with implications for galaxy evolution.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed X-ray analysis of NGC1277's UMBH candidate, highlighting its low accretion activity and discussing the implications for UMBH growth and galaxy evolution.

Findings

X-ray emission is dominated by a power-law component and a thermal minicorona.

The UMBH's accretion flow is highly radiatively inefficient.

NGC1277's black hole is not significantly growing at present.

Abstract

We study the X-ray emission from NGC1277, a galaxy in the core of the Perseus cluster, for which van den Bosch et al. have recently claimed the presence of an UltraMassive Black Hole (UMBH) of mass 1.7 times 10^10 Msun, unless the IMF of the stars in the stellar bulge is extremely bottom heavy. The X-rays originate in a power-law component of luminosity 1.3 times 10^40 erg/s embedded in a 1 keV thermal minicorona which has a half-light radius of about 360 pc, typical of many early-type galaxies in rich clusters of galaxies. If Bondi accretion operated onto the UMBH from the minicorona with a radiative efficiency of 10 per cent, then the object would appear as a quasar with luminosity 10^46 erg/s, a factor of almost 10^6 times higher than observed. The accretion flow must be highly radiatively inefficient, similar to past results on M87 and NGC3115. The UMBH in NGC1277 is definitely not undergoing any significant growth at the present epoch. We note that there are 3 UMBH candidates in the Perseus cluster and that the inferred present mean mass density in UMBH could be 10^5 Msun/Mpc^3, which is 20 to 30 per cent of the estimated mean mass density of all black holes. We speculate on the implied growth of UMBH and their hosts, and discuss the possibiity that extreme AGN feedback could make all UMBH host galaxies have low stellar masses at redshifts around 3. Only those which end up at the centres of groups and clusters later accrete large stellar envelopes and become Brightest Cluster Galaxies. NGC1277 and the other Perseus core UMBH, NGC1270, have not however been able to gather more stars or gas owing to their rapid orbital motion in the cluster core.