Deep, wide-field, global VLBI observations of the Hubble Deep Field North and Flanking Fields

TL;DR

This study uses deep, high-resolution VLBI radio observations to identify faint active galactic nuclei in the Hubble Deep Field North, revealing their occurrence alongside star-forming galaxies and dust-obscured starbursts.

Contribution

First application of deep, high-resolution VLBI to detect faint AGN in the Hubble Deep Field North, uncovering their prevalence and host galaxy diversity.

Findings

Detected 12 compact AGN-driven radio sources.

Most faint AGN have X-ray counterparts.

Majority of faint radio sources are star-forming galaxies.

Abstract

Dust is commonly present in weakly radio emitting star-forming galaxies and this dust may obscure the signatures of accreting black holes in these objects. We aim to uncover weak active galactic nuclei, AGN, in the faint radio source population by means of deep high-resolution radio observations. VLBI observations with a world-wide array at unparallelled sensitivity are carried out to assess the nature of the faint radio source population in the Hubble Deep Field North and its flanking fields. Images of twelve compact, AGN-driven radio sources are presented. These represent roughly one quarter of the detectable faint radio source sample. Most, but not all of these low power AGN have X-ray detections. The majority of the faint radio source population must be star-forming galaxies. Faint AGN occur in a variety of (distant) host galaxies, and these are often accompanied by a dust-obscured starburst. Deep, high-resolution VLBI is a unique, powerful technique to assess the occurrence of faint AGN.