Dependence of asymmetries for charge distribution with respect to the reaction plane on initial energy in heavy ion collisions

TL;DR

This study investigates how charge distribution asymmetries relative to the reaction plane in heavy ion collisions depend on initial energy, revealing a decrease at energies below 20 GeV and suggesting a transition in the state of matter.

Contribution

It introduces new correlator combinations to analyze charge asymmetries and links their energy dependence to phase transitions in heavy ion collisions.

Findings

Asymmetries decrease significantly below 20 GeV.

Behavior aligns with Chern-Simons diffusion rate trends.

Indicates possible transition to hadronic dominance at intermediate energies.

Abstract

In the paper two combinations of correlators are defined in order to investigate the evolution of possible $\mathcal{P/CP}$ invariance violation in strong interactions with initial energy for heavy ion collisions. These combinations correspond to absolute and relative asymmetry of distribution of electrically charge particles with respect to the reaction plane in heavy ion collisions. Energy dependence of the parameters was derived from data of STAR and ALICE experiments. Significant decreasing both absolute and relative asymmetry is observed at energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}} < 20$ GeV. This feature agrees qualitatively with other results of stage-I beam energy scan program in STAR experiment. General behavior of dependence of absolute asymmetry on initial energy agree reasonably with behavior of similar dependence of Chern -- Simons diffusion rate calculated at different values of external Abelian magnetic field. The observed behavior of understudying parameters vs energy can be considered as indication on possible transition to predominance of hadronic states over quark-gluon degrees of freedom in the mixed phase created in heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies.