The fate of heavy elements in dwarf galaxies - the role of mass and geometry

TL;DR

This study uses 2-D chemo-dynamical simulations to show that both galaxy mass and gas distribution significantly influence metal loss via galactic winds in dwarf galaxies, affecting their final metallicities.

Contribution

It demonstrates that gas distribution, alongside mass, critically impacts metal loss, highlighting the importance of geometry in galactic evolution models.

Findings

Gas distribution can alter metal loss by up to one order of magnitude.

Disk-like galaxies lose metals more easily than roundish ones.

Smaller galaxies tend to develop larger outflows, increasing metal loss.

Abstract

Energetic feedback from Supernovae and stellar winds can drive galactic winds. Dwarf galaxies, due to their shallower potential wells, are assumed to be more vulnerable to this phenomenon. Metal loss through galactic winds is also commonly invoked to explain the low metal content of dwarf galaxies. Our main aim in this paper is to show that galactic mass cannot be the only parameter determining the fraction of metals lost by a galaxy. In particular, the distribution of gas must play an equally important role. We perform 2-D chemo-dynamical simulations of galaxies characterized by different gas distributions, masses and gas fractions. The gas distribution can change the fraction of lost metals through galactic winds by up to one order of magnitude. In particular, disk-like galaxies tend to loose metals more easily than roundish ones. Consequently, also the final metallicities attained by models with the same mass but with different gas distributions can vary by up to one dex. Confirming previous studies, we also show that the fate of gas and freshly produced metals strongly depends on the mass of the galaxy. Smaller galaxies (with shallower potential wells) more easily develop large-scale outflows, therefore the fraction of lost metals tends to be higher.