Cosmological phase transition, baryon asymmetry and dark matter Q-balls

TL;DR

This paper proposes a dark matter production mechanism involving first order phase transitions, where X-particles form Q-balls that account for current dark matter density, linked to baryon asymmetry.

Contribution

It introduces a novel scenario where dark matter Q-balls form during a strongly first order phase transition, connecting dark matter and baryon asymmetry.

Findings

Dark matter density consistent with 1-10 TeV energy scale

Q-balls form from X-particles during phase transition

Effective potential modeled with one-loop motivated form

Abstract

We consider a mechanism of dark matter production in the course of first order phase transition. We assume that there is an asymmetry between X- and anti-X-particles of dark sector. In particular, it may be related to the baryon asymmetry. We also assume that the phase transition is so strongly first order, that X-particles do not permeate into the new phase. In this case, as the bubbles of old phase collapse, X-particles are packed into Q-balls with huge mass defect. These Q-balls compose the present dark matter. We find that the required present dark matter density is obtained for the energy scale of the theory in the ballpark of 1-10 TeV. As an example we consider a theory with effective potential of one-loop motivated form.