Intermodal entanglement in Raman processes

TL;DR

This paper investigates intermodal entanglement in Raman processes using a quantum Hamiltonian, revealing various entanglement scenarios among modes and demonstrating the effectiveness of different criteria in detecting entanglement.

Contribution

It provides a detailed quantum mechanical analysis of intermodal entanglement in Raman processes, identifying conditions and criteria for entanglement detection.

Findings

Intermodal entanglement occurs between various Raman modes under different conditions.

Specific coupling constants can produce genuine tripartite entanglement.

Hillery-Zubairy criteria can detect entanglement missed by Duan's criterion.

Abstract

The operator solution of a completely quantum mechanical Hamiltonian of the Raman processes is used here to investigate the possibility of obtaining intermodal entanglement between different modes involved in the Raman processes (e.g. pump mode, Stokes mode, vibration (phonon) mode and anti-Stokes mode). Intermodal entanglement is reported between a) pump mode and anti-Stokes mode, b) pump mode and vibration (phonon) mode c) Stokes mode and vibration phonon mode, d) Stokes mode and anti-stokes mode in the stimulated Raman processes for the variation of the phase angle of complex eigenvalue $\alpha_{1}$ of pump mode $a$. Some incidents of intermodal entanglement in the spontaneous and the partially spontaneous Raman processes are also reported. Further it is shown that the specific choice of coupling constants may produce genuine entanglement among Stokes mode, anti-Stokes mode and vibration-phonon mode. It is also shown that the two mode entanglement not identified by Duan's criterion may be identified by Hillery-Zubairy criteria. It is further shown that intermodal entanglement, intermodal antibunching and intermodal squeezing are independent phenomena.