Scaling Transformation for Nonlocal Interactions

TL;DR

This paper explores the relationship between scaling transformations and nonlocal interactions, deriving representations from group theory, and discusses how nonlocal interactions vary under scaling, with implications for hadron physics and spin angular momentum.

Contribution

It introduces a novel link between scaling transformations and nonlocal interactions, deriving operator and coordinate representations, and highlights the role of intrinsic freedom in contributing to spin angular momentum.

Findings

Nonlocal interaction Lagrangian varies under scaling transformation.

Total Lagrangian becomes scale invariant under extreme conditions.

A test mechanism for scaling effects on nonlocal interactions is proposed.

Abstract

In the light of their relationships with renormalization, in this paper we associate the scaling transformation with nonlocal interactions. On one hand, the association leads us to interpret the nonlocality with locally symmetric method. On the other hand, we find that the nonlocal interaction between hadrons could be test ground for scaling transformation if ascribing the running effects in renormalization to scaling transformation. First we derive directly from group theory the operator/coordinate representation and unitary/spinor representation for scaling transformation, then link them together by inquiring a scaling-invariant interaction vertex mimicking the similar process of Lorentz transformation applied to Dirac equation. The main feature of this paper is that we discuss both the representations in a sole physical frame. The representations correspond respectively to the spatial freedom and the intrinsic freedom of the same quantum system. And the latter is recognized to contribute to spin angular momentum that in literature has never been considered seriously. The nonlocal interaction Lagrangian turns out to vary under scaling transformation, analogous to running cases in renormalization. And the total Lagrangian becomes scale invariant only under some extreme conditions. The conservation law of this extreme Lagrangian is discussed and a contribution named scalum appears to the spin angular momentum. Finally a mechanism is designed to test the scaling effect on nonlocal interaction.