Gravitational lens equation. Critical solutions and magnification near folds and cusps
A. N. Alexandrov (1), S. M. Koval (2), V. I. Zhdanov (1) ((1), Astronomical Observatory, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev,, Ukraine, (2) National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Kiev, Ukraine)

TL;DR
This paper analyzes approximate solutions to the gravitational lens equation near critical points, deriving second-order corrections for folds and first-order corrections for cusps to improve magnification estimates.
Contribution
It introduces second-order corrections for fold points and first-order corrections for cusp points in gravitational lensing near caustics, enhancing existing analytical models.
Findings
Derived second-order corrections for fold points.
Obtained first-order corrections for cusp points.
Improved accuracy of magnification estimates near critical points.
Abstract
We study approximate solutions of the gravitational lens equation and corresponding lens magnification factor near the critical point. This consideration is based on the Taylor expansion of the lens potential in powers of coordinates and an introduction of a proximity parameter characterising the closeness of a point source to the caustic. Second-order corrections to known approximate solutions and magnification are found in case of a general fold point. The first-order corrections near a general cusp are found as well. Key words: gravitational lensing, methods: analytical
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Taxonomy
TopicsPulsars and Gravitational Waves Research · Geophysics and Gravity Measurements · Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
