High-frequency cyclicity in the Mediterranean Messinian evaporites: evidence for solar-lunar climate forcing

TL;DR

This study analyzes varved evaporite sequences from the Messinian salinity crisis, revealing climate oscillations linked to solar and lunar cycles, with implications for understanding ancient and modern climate variability.

Contribution

It provides evidence of solar-lunar forcing in ancient climate cycles through spectral analysis of evaporite varves, connecting them to modern climate oscillations.

Findings

Significant periodicities at 3-5, 9, 11-13, 20-27, and 50-100 years.

Presence of a 9-year cycle similar to modern climate oscillations.

Climate during the Messinian was dynamic, influenced by quasi-periodic oscillations.

Abstract

The deposition of varved sedimentary sequences is usually controlled by climate conditions. The study of two Late Miocene evaporite successions (one halite and the other gypsum) consisting of annual varves has been carried out to reconstruct the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental conditions existing during the acme of the Messinian salinity crisis, ~ 6 Ma, when thick evaporite deposits accumulated on the floor of the Mediterranean basin. Spectral analyses of these varved evaporitic successions reveal significant periodicity peaks at around 3-5, 9, 11-13, 20-27 and 50-100 yr. A comparison with modern precipitation data in the western Mediterranean shows that during the acme of the Messinian salinity crisis the climate was not in a permanent evaporitic stage, but in a dynamic situation where evaporite deposition was controlled by quasi-periodic climate oscillations with similarity to modern analogs including Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, El Ni\~no Southern Oscillation, and decadal to secular lunar- and solar-induced cycles. Particularly we found a significant quasi-decadal oscillation with a prominent 9-year peak that is commonly found also in modern temperature records and is present in the contemporary Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) index and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index. These cyclicities are common to both ancient and modern climate records because they can be associated with solar and solar-lunar tidal cycles.