Empty Black Holes, Firewalls, and the Origin of Bekenstein-Hawking Entropy

TL;DR

This paper proposes a new model where spacetime ends near black hole horizons, deriving the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy from local thermodynamics and suggesting a finite, Lorentz-violating microscopic theory for black hole microstates.

Contribution

It introduces a novel boundary model for black holes that reproduces entropy using local thermodynamics and proposes a microscopic theory with Lorentz violation.

Findings

Derivation of black hole entropy from local thermodynamics.

A boundary model with a surface fluid matching Bekenstein-Hawking entropy.

Finite, Lorentz-violating quantum field theory for black hole microstates.

Abstract

We propose a novel solution for the endpoint of gravitational collapse, in which spacetime ends (and is orbifolded) at a microscopic distance from black hole event horizons. This model is motivated by the emergence of singular event horizons in the gravitational aether theory, a semi-classical solution to the cosmological constant problem(s), and thus suggests a catastrophic breakdown of general relativity close to black hole event horizons. A similar picture emerges in fuzzball models of black holes in string theory, as well as the recent firewall proposal to resolve the information paradox. We then demonstrate that positing a surface fluid in thermal equilibrium with Hawking radiation, with vanishing energy density (but non-vanishing pressure) at the new boundary of spacetime, which is required by Israel junction conditions, yields a thermodynamic entropy that is identical to the Bekenstein-Hawking area law, $S_{BH}$, for charged rotating black holes. To our knowledge, this is the first derivation of black hole entropy which only employs local thermodynamics. Furthermore, a model for the microscopic degrees of freedom of the surface fluid (which constitute the micro-states of the black hole) is suggested, which has a finite, but Lorentz-violating, quantum field theory. Finally, we comment on the effects of physical boundary on Hawking radiation, and show that relaxing the assumption of equilibrium with Hawking radiation sets $S_{BH}$ as an upper limit for Black Hole entropy.