Semi-loss-tolerant strong quantum coin-flipping protocol using quantum non-demolition measurement

TL;DR

This paper introduces a semi-loss-tolerant strong quantum coin-flipping protocol utilizing quantum non-demolition measurement and single photons, achieving a bias of 0.3536 and enhanced security against losses.

Contribution

It presents a novel semi-loss-tolerant quantum coin-flipping protocol with improved security analysis and introduces a quantum dice rolling protocol to demonstrate security advantages.

Findings

Achieves a bias of 0.3536 in quantum coin-flipping.

Utilizes quantum non-demolition measurement and single photons.

Provides the best security results among loss-tolerant protocols.

Abstract

In this paper, we present a semi-loss-tolerant strong quantum coin-flipping (QCF) protocol with the best bias of 0.3536. Our manuscript applies Quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement to quantum coin-flipping protocol. Furthermore, a single photon as a single qubit is used to avoid the difficult implementation of EPR resources. We also analyze the security of our protocol obtaining the best result among all coin-flipping protocols considering loss. A semi-loss-tolerant Quantum Dice Rolling (QDR) protocol is first proposed, and the security of corresponding three-party QDR is analyzed to better demonstrate the security of our QCF.