Synchronization of delayed coupled neurons in presence of inhomogeneity

TL;DR

This paper investigates how delayed communication and inhomogeneity in coupled neurons influence their ability to synchronize, revealing that multiple inhomogeneities can compensate to maintain phase locking.

Contribution

It provides an analytical framework showing how multiple sources of inhomogeneity can preserve synchronization in delayed coupled neurons, supported by numerical simulations.

Findings

Multiple inhomogeneities can compensate each other to sustain synchrony.

Zero phase lag synchronization is achievable despite heterogeneity with delay.

Analytic results are supported by biologically plausible numerical models.

Abstract

In principle, while coupled limit cycle oscillators can overcome mismatch in intrinsic rates and match their frequencies, but zero phase lag synchronization is just achievable in the limit of zero mismatch, i.e., with identical oscillators. Delay in communication, on the other hand, can exert phase shift in the activity of the coupled oscillators. In this study, we address the question of how phase locked, and in particular zero phase lag synchronization, can be achieved for a heterogeneous system of two delayed coupled neurons. We have analytically studied the possibility of inphase synchronization and near inphase synchronization when the neurons are not identical or the connections are not exactly symmetric. We have shown that while any single source of inhomogeneity can violate isochronous synchrony, multiple sources of inhomogeneity can compensate for each other and maintain synchrony. Numeric studies on biologically plausible models also support the analytic results.