TL;DR
Scalar lattice gauge theories model gauge interactions using only scalar fields without fundamental gauge fields, potentially leading to confinement and emergent gauge bosons, and may be useful for simulating gauge theories with ultracold atoms.
Contribution
This work introduces scalar lattice gauge theories where gauge fields emerge as collective excitations from scalars, offering a novel approach to modeling gauge interactions.
Findings
Scalar lattice gauge theories can reproduce continuum gauge theory observables.
These models exhibit confinement under suitable parameters.
Gauge bosons can emerge as collective excitations in these models.
Abstract
Scalar lattice gauge theories are models for scalar fields with local gauge symmetries. No fundamental gauge fields, or link variables in a lattice regularization, are introduced. The latter rather emerge as collective excitations composed from scalars. For suitable parameters scalar lattice gauge theories lead to confinement, with all continuum observables identical to usual lattice gauge theories. These models or their fermionic counterpart may be helpful for a realization of gauge theories by ultracold atoms. We conclude that the gauge bosons of the standard model of particle physics can arise as collective fields within models formulated for other "fundamental" degrees of freedom.
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