The dependence of tidal stripping efficiency on the satellite and host galaxy morphology

TL;DR

This study investigates how the morphology of satellite and host galaxies influences tidal stripping, revealing that satellite structure significantly affects stellar mass loss and galaxy survival over cosmic timescales.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of the dependence of tidal stripping efficiency on galaxy morphology, highlighting the importance of satellite structure in galaxy evolution models.

Findings

Disc galaxies experience exponential mass loss under tidal forces.

Spheroidal components undergo power-law like mass removal.

Satellite morphology critically determines stellar mass retention or destruction.

Abstract

In this paper we study the tidal stripping process for satellite galaxies orbiting around a massive host galaxy, and focus on its dependence on the morphology of both satellite and host galaxy. For this purpose, we use three different morphologies for the satellites: pure disc, pure bulge and a mixture bulge+disc. Two morphologies are used for the host galaxies: bulge+disc and pure bulge. We find that while the spheroidal stellar component experiences a constant power-law like mass removal, the disc is exposed to an exponential mass loss when the tidal radius of the satellite is of the same order of the disc scale length. This dramatic mass loss is able to completely remove the stellar component on time scale of 100 Myears. As a consequence two satellites with the same stellar and dark matter masses, on the same orbit could either retain considerable fraction of their stellar mass after 10 Gyrs or being completely destroyed, depending on their initial stellar morphology. We find that there are two characteristic time scales describing the beginning and the end of the disc removal, whose values are related to the size of the disc. This result can be easily incorporated in semi-analytical models. We also find that the host morphology and the orbital parameters also have an effect on the determining the mass removal, but they are of secondary importance with respect to satellite morphology. We conclude that satellite morphology has a very strong effect on the efficiency of stellar stripping and should be taken into account in modeling galaxy formation and evolution.