The evolution of rotating solar metallicity stars extending in mass from 13 to 120 msun: the hydrostatic evolution and the explosive yields

TL;DR

This paper introduces new models of rotating and non-rotating massive stars from 13 to 120 solar masses, detailing their evolution, core properties, and explosive yields, highlighting the effects of rotation on stellar evolution and supernova outcomes.

Contribution

First comprehensive set of rotating and non-rotating massive star models with detailed evolution and nucleosynthesis, including rotation-induced instabilities and updated explosive yields.

Findings

Rotating stars have larger He and CO cores than non-rotating ones.

Rotation affects the final mass-radius relation and binding energy at pre-supernova stage.

The maximum mass for type IIP supernovae is between 15 and 20 solar masses.

Abstract

We present the first set of a new generation of models of massive stars of solar composition extending between 13 and 120 \msun, computed with and without the effects of rotation. We included two instabilities induced by rotation, namely the meridional circulation and the shear instability. We implemented two alternative schemes to treat the transport of the angular momentum: the advection-diffusion formalism and the simpler purely diffusive one. The full evolution from the Pre Main Sequence up to the presupernova stage is followed in detail with a very extended nuclear network. The explosive yields are provided for a variety of possible mass cut and are available at the website \url{http://www.iasf-roma.inaf.it/orfeo/public{\_}html}. We find that both the He and the CO core masses are larger than those of their non rotating counterparts. Also the C abundance left by the He burning is lower than in the non rotating case, especially for stars of initial mass 13-25 \msun, and this affects the final Mass-Radius relation, basically the final binding energy, at the presupernova stage. The elemental yields produced by a generation of stars rotating initially at 300 km/s do not change substantially with respect to those produced by a generation of non rotating massive stars, the main differences being a slight overproduction of the weak s-component and a larger production of F. Since rotation also affects the mass loss rate, either directly and indirectly, we find substantial differences in the lifetimes as O-type and WR-subtypes between rotating and non rotating models. The maximum mass exploding as type IIP supernova ranges between 15 and 20\msun in both sets of models (this value depending basically on the larger mass loss rates in the Red Super Giant phase due to the inclusion of the dust driven wind). This limiting value is in remarkable good agreement with current estimates.