The magnetic field in the X-ray corona of Cygnus X-1

TL;DR

This study analyzes 6 years of INTEGRAL data of Cygnus X-1 to constrain the magnetic field in its X-ray corona, revealing different magnetic field strengths in spectral states and implications for accretion models.

Contribution

It provides the first observational constraints on the magnetic field in the X-ray corona of Cygnus X-1 using hybrid Comptonization models and spectral data.

Findings

Magnetic field in soft state is at most 1E+06 G.

Hard state magnetic field upper limit is about 1E+05 G if non-thermal excess is co-located.

Constraints vary up to 1E+07 G if non-thermal excess originates elsewhere.

Abstract

The different electron distributions in the hard and soft spectral states (HS and SS) of BH binaries could be caused by kinetic processes and changing because of varying physical conditions in the corona. In presence of a magnetic field in the corona, the electron distribution can appear thermal, even when acceleration mechanisms would produce non thermal distributions. This is due to fast and efficient thermalization through synchrotron self-absorption. We have analyzed data from 6 years of observations of Cygnus X-1 with the INTEGRAL observatory and produced 12 high-quality, stacked broad-band hard X-ray spectra representative of the whole range of spectral shapes observed. We then fit these spectra with hybrid thermal/non-thermal Comptonization models and study the evolution of the physical parameters of the accretion flow across the spectral transition. In particular, we use the BELM model to constrain the magnetic field in the corona through its effects on the coronal emission. Indeed, the hot electrons of the X-ray corona produce soft (optical-UV) synchrotron radiation which is then Comptonized and may affect the temperature of the electrons through Compton cooling. We find that in the SS, the emission is dominated by Comptonization of the disc photons and the magnetic field is at most of the order of 1E+06 G. In the hard states, the data are consistent with a pure synchrotron self-Compton model. If the non-thermal excess observed above a few hundred keV in the HS is produced in the same region as the bulk of the thermal Comptonization, we obtain an upper limit on the coronal magnetic field of about 1E+05 G. If, on the other hand, the non-thermal excess is produced in a different location, the constraints on the magnetic field in the HS are somewhat relaxed and the upper limit rises to 1E+07 G. We discuss these constraints in the context of current accretion flow models.