Modification of hadronic spectral functions under extreme conditions: An approach based on QCD sum rules and the maximum entropy method

TL;DR

This paper reviews a method combining QCD sum rules and the maximum entropy method to study how quarkonium spectral functions change under extreme conditions, revealing the dissociation temperatures of charmonium and bottomonium states.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach integrating QCD sum rules with the maximum entropy method to analyze in-medium spectral functions without assuming specific functional forms.

Findings

Charmonium states dissolve near T_c.

Bottomonium states survive up to 2.5 T_c.

Finite temperature effects are linked to gluonic condensates.

Abstract

Studies of quarkonium spectral functions at finite temperature, based on an approach combining QCD sum rules and the maximum entropy method are briefly reviewed. QCD sum rules for heavy quarkonia incorporate finite temperature effects in form of changing values of gluonic condensates that appear in the operator product expansion. These changes depend on the energy density and pressure at finite temperature, which we extract from quenched lattice QCD calculations. The maximum entropy method then allows us to obtain the most probable spectral function from the sum rules, without having to introduce any specific assumption about its functional form. Our findings suggest that the charmonium ground states of both S-wave and P-wave channels dissolve into the continuum already at temperatures around or slightly above the critical temperature T_c, while the bottomonium states are less influenced by temperature effects, surviving up to about 2.5 T_c or higher for S-wave and up to about 2.0 T_c for P-wave states.