Black Hole Macro-Quantumness

TL;DR

Black holes, despite their macroscopic size, are fundamentally quantum objects composed of graviton condensates at a critical point, leading to quantum corrections that challenge classical descriptions and address the information paradox.

Contribution

This paper proposes that black holes are quantum Bose-Einstein condensates of gravitons, introducing 1/N quantum corrections that alter classical properties and resolve the information paradox.

Findings

Black holes are quantum condensates of gravitons at a critical point.

Quantum corrections of order 1/N modify black hole properties.

These corrections help resolve the black hole information paradox.

Abstract

It is a common wisdom that properties of macroscopic bodies are well described by (semi)classical physics. As we have suggested this wisdom is not applicable to black holes. Despite being macroscopic, black holes are quantum objects. They represent Bose-Einstein condensates of N-soft gravitons at the quantum critical point, where N Bogoliubov modes become gapless. As a result, physics governing arbitrarily-large black holes (e.g., of galactic size) is a quantum physics of the collective Bogoiliubov modes. This fact introduces a new intrinsically-quantum corrections in form of 1/N, as opposed to exp(-N). These corrections are unaccounted by the usual semiclassical expansion in h and cannot be recast in form of a quantum back-reaction to classical metric. Instead the metric itself becomes an approximate entity. These 1/N corrections abolish the presumed properties of black holes, such as non existence of hair, and are the key to nullifying the so-called information paradox.