Efimov States of Heavy Impurities in a Bose-Einstein Condensate

TL;DR

This paper investigates how a Bose-Einstein condensate affects Efimov states of heavy impurities, revealing modifications to the Efimov scaling factor caused by the condensate environment.

Contribution

It introduces a theoretical framework combining Bogoliubov and Born-Oppenheimer approaches to analyze impurity interactions within a condensate, providing semi-analytical results for the modified Efimov spectrum.

Findings

Derived a formula for the change in Efimov scaling due to the condensate

Calculated the impurity potential modification in the resonant interaction regime

Identified the impact of condensate coherence length on three-body states

Abstract

We consider the problem of two heavy impurity particles embedded in a gas of weakly-interacting light mass bosonic particles in the condensed state. Using the Bogoliubov approach to describe the bosonic gas and the Born-Oppenheimer approximation for the three-body dynamics, we calculate the modification to the heavy-heavy two-body potential due to the presence of the condensate. For the case of resonant interaction between the light bosons and the impurities, we present (semi)-analytical results for the potential in the limit of a large condensate coherence length. In particular, we find a formula for the modification of the Efimov scaling factor due to the presence of a degenerate bosonic gas background.